Teach­ing kids how to relax.

Con­sider this vignette:

–Rox­anne: (agi­tated and loudly) I can’t stand this freakin book!

–Teacher: Rox­anne, you need to take it easy. Just calm down! Try to relax.You need to fin­ish your reading.

–Rox­anne: (to her­self) Right easy for you to say, teacher. But very hard for me to do. What do you mean calm down? I feel like my head is going to explode.

–Teacher: (see­ing no response) Well if you can’t set­tle down, maybe a trip to the office will help you!

Some kids are so agi­tated that even if they know how to relax, they can’t. If you think about it, calm­ing down when you’re upset is the hard­est time to do it! Other kids can’t calm down or relax because they don’t know what that feels like. Teach­ers, occu­pa­tional ther­a­pists, phys­i­cal edu­ca­tion teach­ers and par­ents need to actu­ally teach chil­dren (of all ages) how to get them­selves into a phys­i­cal state of being relaxed. This doesn’t hap­pen auto­mat­i­cally. If it did, there wouldn’t be so many adult yoga classes!

Set­ting the men­tal and emo­tional stage for success.

Teach­ers who want to reduce stress and increase learn­ing know that get­ting kids into a pos­i­tive mind­set will do both. They say things and do things that con­nect kids to the secu­rity of past pos­i­tive expe­ri­ences. A boat in the har­bor is not likely to be tossed onto a rocky shore if it is teth­ered to an anchor set firmly into the sandy ocean floor. Sim­i­larly, kids whose minds are re-united with the feel­ings asso­ci­ated with pre­vi­ous suc­cesses will be less likely to floun­der in an anx­ious or dis­tracted state.

Con­sider this interaction:

The teacher says to the class Do you remem­ber this? (holds up test tube filled with red fluid; a visual prop). Turn to your study part­ner and tell each other one thing we learned about this liq­uid yesterday.

Now raise your hand if you want to say what your part­ner just told you.

Paired shar­ing has the fol­low­ing benefits:

• enhances social inter­ac­tions that the teacher can mon­i­tor and guide
• increases infor­ma­tion trad­ing which pro­motes mutual interdependence
• allows the anx­ious child a chance to rehearse a response before going public

Telling about some­one else’s idea reduces the pos­si­bil­ity of pub­lic shame and decreases stress. Hav­ing the choice to do it reduces the stress even more.

Cap­i­tal­ize on the rela­tion­ship between learn­ing and feelings.

It is clear that emo­tions and learn­ing are linked. Why is it that most of us remem­ber where we were when the space shut­tle Chal­lenger blew up, or where you were on 9/11? Why does the smell or tex­ture of cer­tain foods make us remem­ber cer­tain places or events in our lives? Research tells us that pos­i­tive thoughts enhance learn­ing and mem­ory; neg­a­tive thoughts get in the way.

Here’s a scene from a class­room in which the teacher under­stands the con­nec­tion between state of mind and learn­ing. Kids, I would like you to close your eyes (thereby reduc­ing stim­uli and putting chil­dren out of pub­lic view) and think of a time when you learned some­thing very well and felt proud about it. This could be some­thing aca­d­e­mic, like frac­tions, or it can be some­thing you learned to do, like a hobby or a sport. When you get that thought in your head, sim­ply raise your index fin­ger a bit and I’ll know you’re con­nected to that time and the feel­ing you had when you learned to do that par­tic­u­lar thing.

Now, open your eyes and tell us (solo or in shar­ing pairs) what it was that you learned and how it made you feel. The teacher asks the kids what was going on (place, peo­ple, tim­ing) that made this such a pos­i­tive expe­ri­ence. Kids can also be asked to write this, or draw a pic­ture of the event as the first step in the new assignment.

The teacher con­tin­ues: Today we’re going to learn some­thing new (anx­i­ety rises). We’re going to learn about ________. I want you to tell me, based on that pos­i­tive expe­ri­ence you just recalled and/or talked about, what would make learn­ing this new mate­r­ial suc­cess­ful for you? She gives the stu­dents the choice of say­ing the answer, telling a class­mate, or writ­ing a para­graph about it.

By build­ing the new activ­ity on this foun­da­tion of com­fort, the teacher hopes to lessen the stress that can be gen­er­ated when tak­ing kids into new territories.

Humor enhances learn­ing and memory

Tal­ented teach­ers know that stu­dents hang on to words in a joke because they want to hear the punch line. They also know that humor, in the form of funny sto­ries, puns, lim­er­icks or car­toons can increase a student’s enjoy­ment of the activ­ity. Stu­dents who enjoy learn­ing are less anx­ious, less threat­ened and more likely to retain and apply what they learn. Teach­ers who spend time putting the lid on a funny student’s com­ments or antics may be miss­ing the oppor­tu­nity to use that jester as a col­lab­o­ra­tor. Teach­ers need to remem­ber that sar­casm and ridicule have no place in the safe class­room. It may appear that at stu­dent can take the barbs tossed at him or her in class, but that’s often an erro­neous assump­tion. That stu­dent is using up psy­cho­log­i­cal energy cop­ing with the ten­sion cre­ated in such inter­changes. Teach­ers also need to think about the col­lat­eral dam­age they do to the kids (espe­cially the anx­ious kids) who are watch­ing and hop­ing that they’re not the next tar­get of this teacher’s ver­bal pot-shots. That stu­dent may not want to come to class, and cer­tainly won’t want to come to see that teacher for extra help after school, where there’s no chance of escape if the teacher starts to tease.

In the sec­ond part of this arti­cle, to be posted next week, we will explore addi­tional ideas such as the need to focus on process, not prod­uct.

– Jerome J. Schultz, Ph.D., is a clin­i­cal neu­ropsy­chol­o­gist and is on the fac­ulty of Har­vard Med­ical School in the Depart­ment of Psy­chi­a­try. He served until recently as the Co-Director of the Cen­ter for Child and Ado­les­cent Devel­op­ment, CCAD, a multi-disciplinary diag­nos­tic and treat­ment clinic which is a ser­vice of the Cam­bridge Health Alliance, a Har­vard Teach­ing Hos­pi­tal. Dr. Schultz is the Con­sult­ing Neu­ropsy­chol­o­gist to the New­ton, MA, Pub­lic Schools and the Bin­na­cle Tech Foun­da­tion. He serves on the Edi­to­r­ial Advi­sory Board of Aca­d­e­mic Psy­chi­a­try, and The Pro­fes­sional Advi­sory Board of The Learn­ing Dis­abil­ity Asso­ci­a­tion of Amer­ica. Dr. Schultz lec­tures exten­sively on the rela­tion­ship between stress and learn­ing, espe­cially in youth with spe­cial needs.

Related arti­cles:

- Stress and Neural Wreck­age: Part of the Brain Plas­tic­ity Puz­zle
- Mind­ful­ness and Med­i­ta­tion in Schools for Stress Management

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